After the 2007-08 post-election violence, the International Criminal Court indicted six Kenyans, including Uhuru Kenyatta and William Ruto. The cases attracted enormous political controversy. Kenyatta, who was elected president in 2013 despite the ICC charges, became the first sitting head of state to appear before the ICC while in office. But the cases collapsed. Witnesses withdrew. Evidence was lost. The ICC prosecutor eventually dropped the charges in 2014 and 2016. For the victims of 2007-08, many of whom had hoped for justice, the outcome was a profound disappointment.