On 19 December 1901, the last spike was driven into the Uganda Railway at Port Florence, later renamed Kisumu, on the shores of Lake Victoria. The railway had taken six years to build, cost 5.5 million pounds, employed 32,000 Indian labourers and opened the interior of East Africa to British commercial exploitation. The Spectator magazine in Britain called it the Lunatic Line and questioned whether it would ever pay. Within a decade, white settlers were farming the highlands it passed through, Nairobi had become a city and the commercial transformation of Kenya was irreversible.