In August 2017, the Supreme Court of Kenya did something that no court in African history had done before. It annulled a presidential election. Chief Justice David Maraga and the majority of the court ruled that the election won by Uhuru Kenyatta was conducted in a manner that was neither transparent nor verifiable. A fresh election was ordered. It was a stunning assertion of judicial independence in a country with a long history of courts deferring to power. The world watched in astonishment. Some saw it as proof that Kenya's 2010 constitution was working.